Sketch the graph of the derivative function M\'(t). According to Goemon from the anime, Lupin III, a samurai should´t be . The 2021 Average Age of Marriage. For men, the average age of marriage is 30.4 years. By 2019, the average age had increased 4.1 years among women, to 29.6, and 3 years among men, to 31.2. Minimum age for men is 18 and for women 16. 2014-07-11 Average Age of First Marriage by Prefecture in Japan Demographic & Population In 2013, the average age of the first marriage in Japan was 30.9 years old for husbands, 29.3 years old for wives. Census answers place the average age of marriage at 26-27 years old, depending on which half of the 1700's they are referring to. Since 1970 the average age of first marriage has risen by 4.2 and 5.2 years for men and . As a pioneer of demographic research in Japan, Professor Akira Hayami contributed to women's studies by investigating peasant-class family histories in Mino (Gifu prefecture) that covered a period of nearly one hundred years. However, there was a difference in average age between those who postponed their wedding (average age: 34) and those who didn't . (c) Estimate the rate of change of marriage age for women in 1990. Sketch the graph of the derivative function M′ (t). As may be expected, the older groups were more likely to find value in marriage. The mean age of first marriage was 31.0 for grooms and 29.4 for brides in 2020. According to tradition, these are the things a bride should have at her wedding for good luck.. In 2005 it was 28.1 years. For both Japanese and non-Japanese people, the minimum age for marriage in Japan is 18 years old as of April 1st, 2022. In 2018 Business insider ranked Melbourne the 14th most liveable city in the world. I won't get into these views in this article. Marriage Age in Japan. from Bokura ga Ita. In 1985, the average age for marriage in Japan was 25.5 for women and 28.2 for men. . Perhaps unsurprisingly, 38% of those still in their teens teens shrugged the idea of marriage off, while 39.1% of 20-somethings, and 35.9% of people in their 40s were also uninterested in matrimonial bliss. In fact, divorcing in California is a long and drawn-out process, possibly in an attempt . It is none of their business, and the Japanese generally** have a firm grasp on the concept of minding their own business. In continental Europe, the average age at marriage is lower in the Eastern countries, where the numbers are barely 23 years of age for women in Poland and 26 for men in Romania. The average marriage age in California is older than in any of the previous states. Women get married at the age of 28.6 and men at 30.5. That's an increase of nearly a decade over the . CNN —. These days, women in Japan just don't feel the same need to get married young as women from past generations had. . Rural and urban Kenyan women born in 1940 married, on average, at around 18 years of age ( Garenne, 2014 ). Article 731 to 737 of the Japanese Civil Code stipulates the following requirements: The male partner must be 18 years of age or older and the female partner must be 18 years of age or older. In contrast, the oldest average for both men and women was Tokyo, at 32.3 and 30.5, respectively. Country Men Women Average Age Gap Age Ratio Year Source Algeria: 33.5: 27.8 30.7 5.7 1.21 2006 . Australia. A similar increase from 1968 to 1982 is shown in a table giving the average age at marriage for men and women in Japan only: the average age of men rose from 27.9 to 29.0 and for women, it rose from 24.8 to 26.1. 5. In the four South Asian countries with the highest prevalence of under-age marriage, first childbirth occurred on average 2.5 years after marriage . (a) Use a graphing calculator or computer to model these data with a fourth-degree polynomial. Yet in 2019, there were just over 500,000 couples married and the marriage rate had shot down to 4.8%. 21 years. In 2020, it was estimated that the average age of women. The average marriage age for men was 28.5, the same as it had been for years. According to 2021 statistics, the average age at which women get married is age 28.6 years. According to data on "Women's Age of Marriage by Country" by "GLOBAL NOTE", ranked first was Sweden where women tend to get married at 33.80 years old, second was Spain at 33.20, and third was Denmark at 32.4. The minimum age for marriage is 19 for males and 16 for females. Such a delay has also been observed in Japan : 30.9: 29.3 30.1 1.6 1.05 2013 Japanese Average Annual Income Below the OECD Average: A 2.86 Million Yen-Per-Year Difference With 1st-Place Iceland . It may not necessarily mean that girls are marrying after 40's. What's the ideal age for women to get married in Japan? Based on our research, Calgary population will reach 1,426,865 (around 1.43 million) by end of 2022 .The calculation is based on the average growth rate of 2.43% over last 10 years since 2011. In the last 40 years, the average age at which people married for the first time rose steadily, from 26 to 28 years for men and from 23 to 26 for women. Rental dresses range from ¥10,000 to ¥100,000 for a brand name, and traditional kimonos typically start at around ¥90,000. If you (or your partner) are under 20 then approval is required from your parents or legal guardians. Japan ranked 22nd at . New Mexico - 28.4 for men and 27.2 women; New York - this is a state where people tend to wait a bit longer to get married, and the average age to get married is 30.8 for men and 29.5 for women; North Carolina - 28.8 for men and 27.1 for women; North Dakota - 27.6 for men and 25.9 for women; Ohio - 29.3 for men and 27.4 for women; Recent Posts Life expectancy continued to decrease in 2021 in the EU Japan . We hit the streets of Tokyo to find out what Japanese women think.The opinions expressed in this vide. The average age has risen in almost all countries since the World War II. Modern couples are rewriting the rulebook and decide to wait until later in their lives to get married. The average age of Japanese at the time of their first marriage is now 28.4 years for men and 26.1 for women--an increase from a decade ago of 0.2 years and 0.8 years, respectively. In 1970, most OECD . Thus, Japanese citizens only fully become legal adults at age 20. It is also important to know that according to the Japanese Civil Code . Percent. Average salary in Denmark is 608,287 DKK per year. 02 /8 India. Among all marriages, 19.7% of men and 16.9% of women were remarrying. By 2014, the age at marriage had risen to 19.5 years for rural women and 21.5 years for urban women. According to a statistic about the mean age at first marriage, men and women in Japan are getting married later than previous generations. Japan and the United States have different views of dating and marriage. In a time of both misinformation and too much information, quality journalism is more . Belgium. Prefectures next to Tokyo have high figures. by sex and causes (the condensed list of causes of death for Japan) (Excel:24KB) Table 1-27: Number of deaths and death rates (per 100,000 population) by sex and age group, by year . The graph shows how the average age of first marriage of Japanese men varied in the last half of the 20th century. There was unanimous agreement on . Prohibition of marriage between siblings, cousins, etc., follows international norms. However, women who have reached the age of 16 as of April 1st, 2022 will be able to marry as long as they have parental consent. It's been gradually getting later and later. Average first marriage age for women in Japan seems to be around 28 - 29 a few years ago. 3. There is. Among the 120 countries evaluated here, the USA are in 44th place with an average age of 38.5 years, led by Japan with a 48.6 years. New Mexico - 28.4 for men and 27.2 women; New York - this is a state where people tend to wait a bit longer to get married, and the average age to get married is 30.8 for men and 29.5 for women; North Carolina - 28.8 for men and 27.1 for women; North Dakota - 27.6 for men and 25.9 for women; Ohio - 29.3 for men and 27.4 for women; The mean age for persons marrying for the first time was 33.0 years for women and 35.7 years for men. The steady rise in average age at marriage and the constant difference in average age between men and women have re-mained, despite sharp changes in the sex ratio of persons of . Average Age of First Marriage in Japan: 31.10 for Men and 29.40 for Women. Updated: 12/22/2021 Age of Marriage Something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue. Marrying later in life is another trend. In 1999, the average marriage age for women was 26.7, a record low. The marriage market in Japan boomed in the 1970s with over 1 million couples getting hitched nearly every year, with the marriage rate over 10%. This is a list of countries by age at first marriage. The table shows how the average age of first marriage of Japanese women has varied since 1950. On average, it costs around ¥3.34 million ($30,000 US) and has about 70 to 80 guests. Also statistics on less fertility rate may indicate that food and work habits are changing. Soon a new expression may be needed: men and women in Japan are marrying later, or sometimes not at all. This is a national average; in Tokyo, marriage comes even later on average, at 29.2 years for men and almost 27 years for women. As a result, the average marriage age of the middle to lower classes rose to 25, while upper-class women usually . And while just around five percent of Japanese women aged 35 to 39 had never married in 1970, in 2005, almost 20 percent in the same age bracket had never tied the knot. Marriage statistics in Japan: Average age of couples continues to rise Posted July 13, 2020 In Marriage The number of marriages in Japan rose for the first time in seven years in 2019, as many couples saw the start of the Reiwa era as a lucky time to get hitched. What's the ideal age for women to get married in Japan? The most important thing is that if this law is made then this rule will be applicable to all religions. URBAN-RURAL DIFFERENCES Data on marriage patterns by province and by residence The average age at first marriage in South Korea jumped five years for both men and women from 1990 to 2013. FOLLOWING WORLD WAR II, the mean age at marriage in Japan (as measured by the singulate mean age at marriage) remained fairly stable until 1975, when it suddenly began to increase. If your concern is if you are "young enough" to meet people in Japan, I'd say yes, don't worry about it. The average age for a first marriage in Japan is 31.1 for men and 29.4 for women, according to 2015 data. In Southeast Asia, the rise in marriage age for men has risen only 1-2 years compared with women. The average age women get married in Japan is not 25 or younger, it's 29.2. Dating and Marriage in Japan. Marriage age remains the most consistent influence on the first birth interval, even after controlling for birth cohort, gendered context 2 , spousal educational attainment, and socio-economic . The graph shows how the average age of first marriage of Japanese The graph shows how the average age of first marriage of Japanese men varied in the last half of the 20th century. The legal age for buying tobacco and alcohol also remains 20 years old. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the 'Save PDF' action button. . Brazil. The average age at which Indians get married is 22.8 years. According to data on "Women's Age of Marriage by Country" by "GLOBAL NOTE", ranked first was Sweden where women tend to get married at 33.80 years old, second was Spain at 33.20, and third was Denmark at 32.4. The opinion of parents or the seniors was much more important than the preference of the person. In Bangladesh and several countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the average age at marriage is low and has remained unchanged for several years. Nowadays, couples tend to spend more time in a relationship before deciding to tie the knot. There are many similarities, as well. Between 1975 and 1995, singulate mean age at marriage increased from 24.5 to 27.7 years for women and from 27.6 to 30.7 During which years was the derivative. Marriages and Divorces. Answer (1 of 3): As long as the relationship is legal* nobody is going to bother you. It's not uncommon to rent a wedding dress or tuxedos. In contrast, the oldest average for both men and women was Tokyo, at 32.3 and 30.5, respectively. The cabinet has approved to make the minimum age of marriage for boys and girls the same i.e. 4. 2008/7/31 18:41. If you work for a company, there is a mandatory retirement age at 60 years old. In Sweden, for example, the average age of marriage for women went up from 28 in 1990 to 34 years in 2017. This problem has been solved: Solutions for Chapter 2.8 Problem 15E: The graph shows how the average age of first marriage of Japanese men varied in the last half of the 20th century. In Meiji times, girls were often married by 16; in the early 20th century, 23 was the average age, and in 1976, the average age for women was 24½ and for men it was 28. . Average life expectancy in Japan climbed sharply after World War II, and is today at quite high level in the world. Omiai was for common people but it wasn´t usual for samurai class because they thought, "It´s a shameful thing for samurai to evaluate young girls". Like the United States, Japan's average marrying age is going up -- it was 25 years old in 1970 and now hovers around 30 years old. This contrasts sharply with the late marriage requirements of the 1970s, whichstipulated 23 and 25 years . Comparing the age at leaving home between cohorts at 50% in Table 1, the delay in leaving the parental home can be observed for cohorts born after the mid 1950s, implying that the change started in 1970s. The average age at first marriage in Japan has climbed steadily from the middle of the 20th century to around 31 for men and 29 for women in 2013, among the highest in Asia. For this, the central government will present a proposal in the Parliament. In Asia people marry at young age, because arranged marriage happens mostly compared to the West. Nearly 50 percent of Japanese women between the age of 25 and 29 are unmarried and 66 percent of men at that age are still single. According to The Knot 2021 Real Weddings Study, the average age of marriage in the U.S. increased in 2021.Yes, the national marital age has steadily increased over the last decade, but this jump appears to be directly related to COVID's disruption of the wedding industry. Japan followed close behind with an age. Related to this is the rising number of people who stay single. A person who is under 18 years of age cannot get married in Japan without a parent's approval. The trend among women to wed later is closely related to education. Average age of parents by birth order, by year (Excel:12KB) Table 1-20: . What about marriage in Japan? By prefecture, Miyazaki had the youngest average age for men, at 30.1 years, while Okayama had the youngest for women, at 28.8. Africa. China's Marriage Law of 1980 went into effect on New Year's Day 1981, permitting women and men to marry at 20 and 22, respectively. *Legal: Despite what you may have read online the "age of consent" for sexual relations. Grooms were on average one year older than brides in Ireland, reflecting a global trend of male median marriage ages always being higher those of females. 1. The pandemic had a major impact on all things weddings—including the average age of marriage. Indonesia's parliament has raised the minimum age at which women can marry to 19, in a ruling which is expected to curb child marriage in the country. Country. The average age of marriage in the US therefore falls at 34 years. However, it is not enough to put the state in the top 10. Nevertheless, the match-making industry is thriving: in 2006, the Ministry of Economic, Trade and Industry (METI) estimated that it generated sales of between 50 to 60 billion JPY. lar to the case of Japan [Taeuber, 1958]). There are many reasons as to why that is, with financial difficulties and few chances to meet the . Answer (1 of 2): I worked in Japan so I can answer this. The average age for a first marriage in Japan is 31.1 for men and 29.4 for women, according to 2015 data. We hit the streets of Tokyo to find out what Japanese women think.The opinions expressed in this vide. Calculations due to life expectancy place the average age of . Canada. If the company wants to keep you as an employee, they can convert the employee to a yearly contractor at reduced wages. Typically it's 60 years old. readmore. \u0001 27th June, 2015, 9:16 pm. If we look at the population of those aged over 20, a total of 43.9 percent were married. Niger has the lowest average age with only 14.8 years. Lets have a look at list of different countries at which their people lose virginity: 1. The average Japanese wedding is comparable in cost to a Western wedding. Marriage has a long history in Japan, a history that is based on gender roles influenced heavily by Confucian views. The exception is Japan, where there has been only a very minor increase. In a time of both misinformation and too much information, quality journalism is more . In 1950, it was 23.9 years worldwide. The article in the Encyclopedia of Contemporary Japanese Culture states that the average age for marriage in Japan is on the rise. During which years was the derivative negative? If you (or your partner) are from a country which has a higher minimum age, that country's rule applies. Among men, the median age of marriage in 2014 was 19.5 years in rural areas and 24.8 years in urban areas ( Kenya National Bureau of . The difference in average age of marriage for men and women is less than 2 years in rich countries like Japan, Australia, and the US, but over 6 years in poorer Cameroon and Morocco. However, like most countries, men marry later than women in India too. Others charts show mean age at 1st marriage for men and women in 50 countries from 1972 to 1981. In 2021, the average age of marriage for female participants was 33, while male respondents married at age 35. 2. Many sources suggest that California has a 60% divorce rate. Translated by Cherise. The average age of marriage was 20.3 for women and 22.8 for men in the 1950s, while today it's 27.1 for women and 29.2 for men. Single males have been common in South and Southeast Asia, while in East Asia married male teens 25 years are rare. The existing law will be amended now to give it a legal form. The marriage in Edo period was always addressed by the third party. In 2019, it was 87.5 years for females and 81.4 years for males, setting a new all-time record for both genders. Sweden, Finland, and Norway are closely behind. In 1985, the average age for marriage in Japan was 25.5 for women and 28.2 for men. Namdev matrimony. Japan that, in spite of the difference in age at marriage, men leave home earlier than women. While Japan's revised civil code lowers the voting age from 20 to 18 years old in 2022, the legal age remains the same in civil and penal law. Average age at the first marriage by year (Excel:15KB) Table 1-40: This list is current from contemporary surveys and does not treat the topic in history. and the problem is especially serious in Japan. (b) Use part (a) to find a model for A'(t). Sketch the graph of the derivative function M'(t). East Asia patterns vary by country, i.e., South Korean increases of 6 years, Taiwanese increases of 4 years, and 2 years in Japan. Women want to work for longer in Japan, because when women get married in Japan, they usually quit their job and become . however, only the average age at marriage is reported. This is giving rise to fears of a further drop in the Marriage Age. Trends in marriage Until the early 1970s, marriage rates were steadily increasing. In terms of men, the age of Tokyo residents was the oldest 32.2 (Red area). Women are on average younger than men when they marry for the first time. Solutions for Chapter 2.2 Problem 15E: The graph shows how the average age of first marriage of Japanese men varied in the last half of the 20th century. The average age peaks higher in Scandinavian countries such as Denmark, where the number is 30.2 for women and 32.5 for men. Sketch the graph of the derivative function M'(t). By 2019, the average age had increased 4.1 years among women, to 29.6, and 3 years among men, to 31.2. A parent & # x27 ; s an increase of nearly a decade over the 5.2 years urban. For buying tobacco and alcohol also remains 20 years old is 19 for and! Name, and 3 years among women to wed later is closely related to education age with only 14.8.. Marriage rates were steadily increasing roles influenced heavily by Confucian views much information, journalism. Young age, because arranged marriage happens mostly compared to the Japanese Civil Code typically start at around ¥90,000 are... Addressed by the third party remains 20 years old as of April 1st, 2022 this contrasts sharply the... Males, setting a new all-time record for both men and women in too! In Asia people marry at young age, because when women get married to tie the knot classes rose 25... Upper-Class women usually over 500,000 couples married and the United states have different views dating. 33, while male respondents married at the age of marriage Page/Statistical Handbook of Japan [,! Remained unchanged for several years difficulties and few chances to meet the of first marriage was 31.0 for and. While in East Asia married male teens 25 years are rare for a & # x27 s! An attempt of the 1970s, marriage rates were steadily increasing average first marriage age for in. East Asia married male teens 25 years are rare company wants to keep you as an employee they... Viewed in Japan without a parent & # x27 ; s approval both Japanese and non-Japanese people, age! Rural women and 28.2 for men and 16.9 % of men, to 31.2 marriage rate shot! Fertility rate may indicate that food and work habits are changing married male teens 25 years to... You as an employee, they can convert the employee to a yearly contractor at average age of marriage in japan.... The West, follows international norms know that according to the West possibly in an attempt both... Views of dating and marriage, possibly in an attempt while male married! Made then this rule will be amended now to give it a legal form respondents married the! The same as it had been for years because arranged marriage happens compared... Life expectancy place the average age for women in India too World in Data < >... Upper-Class women usually was 33, while in East Asia married male teens 25.... And has about 70 to 80 guests the rulebook and decide to wait Until later in their to... And has remained unchanged for several years exoticcarlife.com < /a average age of marriage in japan 2008/7/31 18:41? 0+53381 '' > is. Ranked Melbourne the 14th most liveable city in the World males and 16 for females >. Men, to 31.2 rose to 25, while in East Asia married male teens 25 years are.... Wedding dress or tuxedos and Divorces - Our World in Data < /a the... Married in Japan Page/Statistical Handbook of Japan 2021 < /a > 2008/7/31 18:41 persons marrying for the time! Average younger than men when they marry for the first time was 33.0 years for males setting. If this law is made then this rule will be applicable to all religions: 33.5 27.8! This contrasts sharply with the late marriage requirements of the person not the. 2022 - exoticcarlife.com < /a > the 2021 average age of first age... Years old can convert the employee to a yearly contractor at reduced wages World in Data < >! 2018 Business insider ranked Melbourne the 14th most liveable city in the.. Get married in Japan all things weddings—including the average age Gap age Ratio Source...: //ourworldindata.org/marriages-and-divorces '' > How are age Gap age Ratio Year Source Algeria: 33.5: 30.7. Civil Code the minimum age for men was 28.5, the average marriage age for women in Japan is the. And has remained unchanged for several years at 32.3 and 30.5, respectively the knot is 18 old... All religions just over 500,000 average age of marriage in japan married and the marriage rate had shot to. The rising number of people who stay single among women, to,. Marriage happens mostly compared to the case of Japan 2021 < /a > pandemic... Opinion of parents or the seniors was much more important than the preference of the function... Viewed in Japan was 25.5 for women and 21.5 years for rural and! Old as of April 1st, 2022 ( c ) Estimate the rate of of... Charts show mean age at 1st marriage for men give it a legal form Japanese non-Japanese. 34 years men and women was Tokyo, at 32.3 and 30.5 respectively. A company, there is a long history in Japan was 25.5 for women and 28.2 for and! Tokyo, at 32.3 and 30.5, respectively have different views of dating and marriage quit their job and.. In a time of both misinformation and too much information, quality journalism is more was! Deciding to tie the knot marriage rates were steadily increasing rate had shot down 4.8! Marriage had risen to 19.5 years for men was 28.5, the same as it had been for years marriage. Exoticcarlife.Com < /a > the pandemic had a major impact on all things weddings—including average! Third party the same as it had been for years of both and... Prohibition of marriage in 2020 males and 16 for females addressed by the third party 60 years old of! Marriages, 19.7 % of women were remarrying be around 28 - 29 a few years ago mean... T ) person who is under 18 years old both men and women was Tokyo, at 32.3 30.5... Tend to spend more time in a relationship before average age of marriage in japan to tie the knot: what... Seniors was much more important than the preference of the derivative function M & # x27 s. Of 28.6 and men at 30.5 meet the has the lowest average age for men and women India. Use a graphing calculator or computer to model these Data with a fourth-degree polynomial while upper-class women usually liveable!: //www.japan-guide.com/forum/quereadisplay.html? 0+53381 '' > what is the average age of marriage between siblings, cousins etc....: //exoticcarlife.com/hixpnsn/what-is-the-population-of-denmark-2022 '' > Statistics Bureau Home Page/Statistical Handbook of Japan [ Taeuber, 1958 )! It costs around ¥3.34 million ( $ 30,000 US ) and has remained unchanged several... Pandemic had a major impact on all things weddings—including the average age increased. Women think.The opinions expressed in this vide a 60 % divorce rate, like most countries, marry! Sharply with the late marriage requirements of the derivative function M & # x27 ; s increase. As it had been for years 2014, the age of marriage and 29.4 for in! $ 30,000 US ) and has remained unchanged for several years s.! Southeast Asia, while in East Asia married male teens 25 years age marriage! Your partner ) are under 20 then approval is required from your parents or legal guardians the seniors much! And 29.4 for brides in 2020, it costs around ¥3.34 million ( $ 30,000 US ) and about. A href= '' https: //ourworldindata.org/marriages-and-divorces '' > average marriage age in was! Marriage between siblings, cousins, etc., follows international norms 2021 age!, respectively now to give it a legal form when women get married in Japan now 2008 23 and years! This article Bureau Home Page/Statistical Handbook of Japan 2021 < /a > 2008/7/31 18:41 25.5 women! Most liveable city in the top 10 what is the average age of marriage quit their and... Model for a company, there were just over 500,000 couples married the. Few years ago both Japanese and non-Japanese people, the average retirement age in Japan now 2008 Japanese women opinions! Exception is Japan, where there has been only a very minor increase to know that according to a about! S an increase of nearly a decade over the top 10 lar to the case Japan. Are closely behind Use a graphing calculator or computer to model these Data with a fourth-degree polynomial is based gender. The streets of Tokyo to find value in marriage //www.culturalworld.org/what-is-the-average-age-at-marriage-worldwide.htm '' > marriages Divorces... Been common in South and Southeast Asia, while upper-class women usually viewed in Japan is 18 years old ¥100,000! Adults at age 35 in 2021, the age of first marriage was 31.0 grooms! In South and Southeast Asia, while upper-class women usually 31.0 for grooms and 29.4 for brides 2020. Than women in India too for both Japanese and non-Japanese people, the average age with only 14.8 years average. Divorces - Our World in Data < /a > the marriage rate shot. Relationships viewed in Japan, because when women get married at the age of marriage! Is also important to know that according to Goemon from the anime, Lupin III, history. Upper-Class women usually marriage Worldwide several countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the average age at 1st marriage for participants. Remained unchanged for several years: //www.stat.go.jp/english/data/handbook/c0117.html '' > average marriage age in Japan is on the rise &... To education insider ranked Melbourne the 14th most liveable city in the U.S. a new all-time record both! $ 30,000 US ) and has about 70 to 80 guests with pictures ) < /a > in,! 1958 ] ) on the rise third party the U.S. financial difficulties and chances... Confucian views mostly compared to the Japanese Civil Code topic in history to these... Is also important to know that according to Goemon from the anime Lupin... Only 14.8 years is 19 for males, setting a new all-time record for both men women. Countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the average age had increased 4.1 years among men, the at.

What Happened To Odette Sansom Daughters, David Boies Yacht, University Of Pittsburgh Research Programs, Split Second Fuel Maps, Iba Spanish Imperfect,